Hi Ron,
I wanted to close the loop on this and shared the outcome.
I reviewed the information on DISM and honestly it did not feel like the right answer here - a little too aggressive. I wanted to pursue one more path I have available, which was to contact the Microsoft Edge team directly and see if they could figure it out. (Not everyone can do this, but I had the option, so I took it.) They were able to identify the problem, which is documented in https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/13779603/ (I think everyone should be able to see this, if not I'm sorry about that.)
In short, the ACLs for the TCP service on my computer were corrupted. I don't fully understand the causes of this problem, it may have been related to malware, but it could also be caused by a problem with roaming profiles and a change that was made to Edge that is exposed when you move between multiple computers running different versions of Windows.
Assuming you can see the link above, there is information about the fix and some information about the symptoms that may help you if people report this problem in the future. I was also told that Microsoft is working on a fix for the problem that will be released in an upcoming patch. Thank you for all your help and the effort you put into fixing this issue.
Mike